The Marquesses of Este, the first feudal lords of Baone, according to the historian Franceschetti, founded the ancient Pieve of S. Fidenzio at the top of the hill where the oldest inhabited area stood. This hypothesis seems supported by the fact that around the year 970, the bishop of Padua Gauslino decreed the transfer of the body of Saint Fidenzio from Polverata to Megliadino, a small center in the Este territory. Fearing that the remains would be stolen, Marquis Azzo I had them safeguarded in his castle at the top of the hill of Baone, probably erecting for the occasion the church dedicated to the Saint.
Information about the building continued over the years until in the pastoral visit of 1449 it is noted that the local population attended the sacred offices in the church of S. Lorenzo, the chapel of S. Fidenzio, built down in the plain for convenience. This church was nothing more than the private oratory of the noble Dottori family, donated to the town in 1406 by the testamentary will of Count Stefano Alessandro. From 1522, S. Lorenzo became a parish in its own right; the oratory was enlarged and the ancient pieve of S. Fidenzio was nearly completely abandoned and left in the care of a hermit who lived nearby. Inside, it must have been frescoed, as there are documents discussing the "repair of the paintings." Over time, the building collapsed, and at the beginning of the last century, the remaining material was used to construct the bell tower of the church of S. Lorenzo.
Currently, the church of San Lorenzo has three altars: above the main altar is a canvas dated 1580 depicting a Madonna on a throne with Child and Saints attributed to the school of Paolo Veronese. On the sides of the altarpiece, there are two other paintings, also from the Veronese school, depicting S. Jerome on the right and Saint John the Evangelist on the left. Next to the church stands the building of the Dottori family, which features on its facade the emblem depicting a dove with an olive branch in the woods.
